Complete Bibliography of The Rebirth of Bukalanga

The following information is intended for those who may be interested in undertaking further research of Bukalanga (Bakalanga, Banambya, Vhavenda, Babirwa, Balobedu, etc). Please note that Bakalanga includes the majority of Ndebele-speakers. Almost all of these books are available at the National Free Library and the National Archives of Zimbabwe in Bulawayo, and they were my sources in compiling Bukalanga history in The Rebirth of Bukalanga. Enjoy. 

1. Beach, D. N. 1994. A Zimbabwean Past: Shona Dynastic Histories and Oral Traditions. Gweru: Mambo Press.


2. ----------- 1988. A. S. S. Chigwedere’s Pre-Colonial Histories of Zimbabwe and Africa: Essay Review. http://www.archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African. Accessed 17 May 2009.


3. --------- 1984. Zimbabwe before 1900. Gweru: Mambo Press.



4. Becker, P 1966. Path of blood: The rise and conquests of Mzilikazi founder of the Matabele. London: Granada Publishing Limited.


5. Beckingham, CF and Huntingford (trans. and ed.), GWB 1954. History of High Ethiopia or Abassia. London: Hukluyt Society.


6. Bent, J. Theodore 1892. The ruined cities of Mashonaland: Being a record of excavations and exploration in 1891. London: Longmans, Green, and Co.


7. Bernhard, F. O. and Bernhard, E 1969. The journals of Carl Mauch: His travels in the Transvaal and Rhodesia 1869-1872. Salisbury: National Archives of Rhodesia (Edited by E. E. Burke, Deputy Director, National Archives of Rhodesia. Transcribed 166 from the letters and journal of Mauch by Mrs. E. Bernhard and translated from Gothic by F. O. Bernhard).


8. Bryant, A. T. 1905. Synopsis of Zulu grammar and a concise history of the Zulu people from the most ancient times. Johannesburg: R. C. Juta & Co.


9. Bullock, Charles 1927. The Mashona: The indigenous natives of Southern Rhodesia. Johannesburg: Juta &Co., Ltd.


10. Caton-Thompson, G 1931. The Zimbabwe culture: Ruins and reactions. London: Oxford University Press.


11. Chapman, J F.R.G.S 1968. Travels in the interior of South Africa 1849-1863: Hunting and Trading Journeys from Natal to Walvis Bay & Visits to Lake Ngami & Victoria Falls. Part II (Edited from the original manuscripts by Edward C. Tabler, MS., F.R.G.S.). Cape Town: A.A. Balkema.


12. Chigwedere n.d. The Karanga Empire. Harare: Jongwe.


13. ----------------- 1980. From Mutapa to Rhodes: 1000 to 1890 A.D. Salisbury: Macmillan Publishers.


14. Daneel, M. L. 1970. The God of the Matopo Hills: An essay on the Mwari Cult in Rhodesia. The Hague: Mouton & Co.


15. Davidson, Basil 1964. The African Past: Chronicles from antiquity to modern times. London: Longmans, Green and Co. Ltd.


16. Doke, C. M. 1937. The Bantu speaking tribes of South Africa: An ethnological survey. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.


17. --------------- 1954. The southern Bantu languages. London: Oxford University Press.


18. Du Bois, W. E. B. 1915. The Negro. http://www.sacredtexts.com. Accessed July 14 2011.


19. Fardon, R. & Furniss, G., ed., African languages, development and the state, London: Routledge


20. Fedler, C. H. 1999. Blacks in Biblical antiquity. http://www.bibleresources.americanbible.org. Accessed 22 September 2012.


21. Felgate, W. S. 1982. The Tembe Thonga of Natal and Mozambique: An ecological approach. Durban.


22. Fortes, Meyer and Patterson, Sheila (eds.) 1975. Studies in African anthropology. London: Academic Press, p. 95.


23. Fortune, G 1973. “Who is Mwari?” In Roberts, R. S. and Warhurst, P.R 1973. Rhodesian History. The Journal of the Central Africa Historical Association. Salisbury: Sebri Printers.


24. Fouche, L 1939. Maphungubgwe, Ancient Bantu Civilization on the Limpopo: Reports on Excavations at Maphungubgwe (Northern Transvaal) from February 1933 to June 1935. Cambridge University Press.


25. Gann, L. H 1965. A history of Southern Rhodesia: Early days to 1934. London: Chatto & Windus.


26. Garlake, P.S. 1973. Great Zimbabwe. Lancaster: Thames and Hudson


27. Gayre, R 1972. The origin of the Zimbabwean civilisation. Salisbury: Galaxie Press


28. Gelfand, M 1973. The genuine Shona: Survival values of an African culture. Gweru: Mambo.


29. Haggard, R. 1906. Benita, An African romance. http://www.feedbooks.com. Accessed 25 September 2009.


30. Hall, R and Neal, W 1904. The ancient ruins of Rhodesia: Monomotapae Imperium. London: Methuen & Company.


31. Huffman, T. N. 1974. The Leopard’s Kopje Tradition. Salisbury: National Museums and Monuments of Rhodesia.


32. Jones, N (Mhlagazanhlansi) 1944 [republished 1972]. My Friend Khumalo. Bulawayo: Books of Rhodesia Publishing (Pvt) Ltd, p. intro, no page number.


33. Junod, H 1927. The life of a South African tribe: Vol. 1 Social life (2nd ed.). London: Macmillan and Co., Limited, p. 3.


34. Kahari, G 1990. The rise of the Shona novel. Gweru: Mambo Press.


35. King, M. L. 1963. 'I Have a Dream'. The Estate of Martin Luther King, Jr. http://www.stanford.edu/group/King. Accessed 21 May 2010.


36. Kloppers R. J. 2003 - The History and Representation of the History of the Mabudu-Tembe. http://www.scholar.sun.ac.za. Accessed 15 June 2012.


37. Krige, E. J. 1975. Divine kingship, change and development. In Fortes, Meyer and Patterson, Sheila (eds.) 1975. Studies in African anthropology. London: Academic Press.


38. Lestrade, G. P. The Copper Mines of Musina, pp. 6, 10; “Some notes on the ethnic history of the VhaVenda and their Rhodesian affinities”, in Contributions towards Venda History, Religion and Tribal Ritual, ed. N. J. van Warmelo, Pretoria, Government Printer, 1932, p. xxviii); and N.J. van Warmelo, “Zur Sprache und Hernkuft der Lemba”, Hamburger Beitrage zur Afrika-kunde, 1966, 5, 273-83.


39. Livingstone, D (edited with an introduction by I. Schapera) 1961. Livingstone’s Missionary Correspondence: 1841-1856. London: Chatto & Windus).


40. Lloyd, M (Translator) 1979. Journey to Gubulawayo: Letters of Fathers Depelchin, H and Croonenberghs, C (S.J.) 1879, 1880, 1881 (Translation of Trois ans dans L’Afrique Australe Le pays des Matabeles Debuts de la Mission du Zambese – published in Brussels in 1882). Bulawayo: Books of Rhodesia Publishing Company. Rhodesia Reprint Library – Silver Series: Vol. 24.


41. Maho, J. F. 2010. ‘Africa Bibliography for African Languages and Linguistics.’ http://www.goto.glocalnet.net/maho/ eball.html. Accessed 15 September 2009.


42. Mallows, W 1984. The Mystery of the Great Zimbabwe: The key to a major archaeological enigma. London: Robert Hale.


43. Massie R. H. 1905. The native tribes of the Transvaal. http:// www.archive.org>Ebook and Texts Archive>California Digital Library. Accessed 15 May 2010.


44. Masola, K 1920. Nhau dza BaKalanga. Translated by Peter Wentzel at the University of Cape Town as ‘The History of the Kalanga’. Cape Town.


45. Mathebula, M et. al. 2007. Tsonga history discourse: Initially written as a response to the Tsonga-Shangaan kingship debate. http://www.tsonga-history.blogspot.com. 12 September 2007. Accessed 25 July 2010.


46. Mathers, E. P 1891. Zambesia: England’s El Dorado in Africa – being a description of Matebeleland and Mashonaland, and less known adjacent territories, and an account of the gold fields of British South Africa. London: King, Sell, & Railton, Ltd.


47. Masila-Ndawo, H 1939. Iziduko zamaHlubi. Lovedale: Lovedale Press.


48. Mazarire G. C 2003. ‘Who are the Kalanga and Ndebele in Zimbabwe.’ http://www.ir.uz.ac.zw. Accessed 11 May 2010.


49. Mbeki, T 1998. Africa The time has come: Selected speeches. Johannesburg: Mafube.


50. McNaughton, David 1987. ‘Ancient Zimbabwean Civilization: Evidence for a Semitic Connection via the Lemba.’ (Khaleej Times of Dubai). http://www.holtz.org/Library/Social%2520Science. Accessed 27 March 2010.


51. Molema, S. M. 1920. The Bantu, past and present: An ethnographical & historical study of the native races of South Africa. Edinburgh: W. Green & Son, Limited.


52. Motshekga, M 2007. The story of African origins. http://www.kara.co.za. Accessed 16 July 2010.


53. --------------- 2008. African origin and identity. http://www.kara.co.za. Accessed 16 July 2010.


54. Msindo, E 2007. Ethnicity and Nationalism In Urban Colonial Zimbabwe: Bulawayo, 1950 to 1963. Journal of African History, 48 (2007), pp. 267–90.


55. Mutswairo, S 1974. Zimbabwe: Prose and poetry in English, with original Zezuru (Zimbabwean texts of the verse. Washington: Three Continents Press.


56. Ncube, B and Sibanda, N 2012. 'Tribalism taught at schools'. The Southern Star, Bulawayo. 24 February 2012.


57. Nielson, P n.d. The Matabele at Home. Bulawayo: Davis & Co.


58. Nyathi, P 2012. Babirwa: How they came to Zimbabwe (and related articles). http://www.sundaynews.co.zw. 26 March 2012. Accessed June 15 2012.


59. Peters, C 1902. The eldorado of the ancients. Bulawayo: Books of Rhodesia (1977 Reprint – Silver Series, Vol. 16.


60. Posselt F.W.T. 1935. Fact and Fiction: A short account of the natives of Southern Rhodesia. Bulawayo: Books of Rhodesia Publishing Company (1978 Reprint).


61. Randall-MacIver, D 1906. Mediaeval Rhodesia. London: MacMillan and Co., Limited.


62. Rangeley, W.H.J. in Kadyakale, S 2009. History of the Angoni or Ngoni people. 25 August, 2009. http://www.ngonipeople.com. Accessed 15 June 2012.


63. Rassmussen, R. K. 1978. Migrant Kingdom: Mzilikazi’s Ndebele in South Africa. London: Rex Collins.


64. Renne, J. K 1979. From Zimbabwe to a colonial chieftaincy: Four transformations of the Musikavanhu territorial cult in Rhodesia. In Schoffeleers, J 1979. Guardians of the land. Gweru: Mambo Press.


65. Roberts, R. S. and Warhurst, P.R 1973. Rhodesian History. The Journal of the Central Africa Historical Association. Salisbury: Sebri Printers.


66. Robinson, K.R. 1959. Khami ruins: Report on excavations undertaken for the Commission for the Preservation of Natural and Historical Monuments and Relics, Southern Rhodesia, 1947-1955. London: Cambridge University Press.


67. Robinson K.R. 1963. The archeology of the Rozwi. The history of the Central African peoples. Lusaka: The Rhodes-Livingstone Institute.


68. Samkange, S. J. T 1986. Oral History: The Zvimba People of Zimbabwe. Harare: Harare Publishing House.


69. Schoffeleers, J 1979. Guardians of the land. Gweru: Mambo Press.


70. Sechele, S 2004. ‘Author explains Botswana’s success.’ http://www.mmegi.bw/2004/August/Wednesday4/3. Accessed 12 December 2011.


71. Selous F.C. 1972. Travel and Adventure in South-East Africa: Being the narrative of the last eleven years spent by the author on the Zambezi and its tributaries; with an account of the colonisation of Mashunaland and the progress of the gold industry in that country. London: Rowland Ward and Co., Limited.


72. Strolovitch, D. L. (2005) Old Portuguese in Hebrew Script: Convention, Contact, and Convivência. Ph.D. dissertation, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. http://www.jmrg.org/strolovitch/disspage. Accessed 13 May 2009.


73. Summers, R 1971. Ancient Ruins and vanquished civilisations of Southern Africa. Cape Town: T. V. Bulpin.


74. Theal, G.M. 1896. The Portuguese in South Africa: With a description of the native races between the river Zambesi and the Cape of Good Hope during the sixteenth century. Cape Town: J.C. Juta & Co.


75. ---------- 1907. History and ethnography of Africa south of the Zambesi: From the settlement of the Portuguese at Sofala in September 1505 to the conquest of the Cape Colony by the British in September 1795 (vol. 1). London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd.


76. Thomas, M. G, Wilson, J. F., Parfitt T, Weiss, D. A., Skorecki K., and Roux Magdel 2000. Y Chromosomes Traveling South: The Cohen Modal Haplotype and the Origins of the Lemba - the “Black Jews of Southern Africa.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Accessed 21 July 2010.


77. Thomas M. T. 1873. Eleven Years in Central South Africa: A journey into the interior – sketch of the recently discovered diamond and gold fields – Umzilikazi, his country and people – A brief history of the Zambesi Mission. London: John Snow & Co.


78. Van Binsbergen, W.M.J., 1994, ‘Minority language, ethnicity and the state in two African situations: the Nkoya of Zambia and the Kalanga of Botswana’, In Fardon, R. & Furniss, G., ed., African languages, development and the state, London etc.: Routledge, pp. 142-188.).


79. Van Waarden, C 1988. The oral history of Bakalanga of Botswana: Occasional Paper No. 2. Gaborone: Botswana Society.


80. Van Warmelo, N. J. 1932. Contributions towards Venda History, Religion and Tribal Ritual. Pretoria: Government Printer, 1932, p. xxviii).


81. Webb, J. M. 2008. The Black Man: The father of civilization proven by biblical history. http://www.kobek.com. Accessed 22 September 2012.


82. Welch, S 1946. South Africa Under King Manuel: 1495 – 1521. Johannesburg: Juta & Co., Ltd.


83. ------------ 1948. South Africa under John III, 1521-1557. Johannesburg: Juta & Co., Ltd.


84. Werbner, R 1975. Land, movement, and status among Kalanga of Botswana. In Fortes, Meyer and Patterson, Sheila (eds.) 1975. Studies in African anthropology. London: Academic Press.


85. ----------- 2002. Cosmopolitan ethnicity, entrepreneurship and the nation: Minority elites in Botswana. Journal of Southern African Studies, Volume 28, Number 4. Carfax Publishing.


86. ------------ 2004. Reasonable Radicals and Citizenship in Botswana: the Public Anthropology of Kalanga Elites. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.


87. Wieschhoff H. A. 1941. The Zimbabwe-Monomotapa Culture in Southeast Africa. Menasha (Wisconsin): George Banta.


88. Willis W. A. and L. T. Collingbridge 1894. The downfall of Lobengula: The cause, history, and effect of the Matabeli war. Johannesburg: The Argus Company, Ltd.


89. Willoughby, J 1893. A narrative of further excavations at Zimbabwe (Mashonaland). London: George Philip & Son.


90. Wilmot, A. 1896. Monomotapa (Rhodesia): Its monuments and its history from the most ancient times to the present century. London: T. Fisher Unwin.

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