LUSHANDUKO - THE REBIRTH OF BUKALANGA

In all descriptions of the Makalanga it must be carefully borne in mind that there is no tribe, existing as one, which bears this name, but the people to whom it is applied consist of many tribes having their own peculiar traditions and customs more or less allied, but with considerable differences most confusing to the enquirer - Richard Nicklin Hall and W. G. Neal 1904. The Ancient Ruins of Rhodesia: Monomotapae Imperium. In the preface we saw that for most of the last 170 years, the peoples of Bukalanga have been treated as a sub-ethnicity of the Ndebele, the Ngwato and the Shona. We also raised the point that the Great Nation of Bukalanga is made up of at least eighteen tribes speaking different but interrelated languages. In this chapter we shall go into detail answering the question: Who exactly and what actually constitutes Bukalanga? In an era when the Kalanga nation has gone through many convulsions, displacements and assimilations, it may be a bit difficult to identify t...

The Makalanga…were to a large extent civilized and certainly well versed and expert in various arts, such as those of metalworking and textile manufacture; were admirable men of business, possessing the power of calculating money, and commercial instincts beyond those of any other tribes, and, according to Arab writers of the thirteenth century, themselves mined and washed for gold and traded it with the Arab merchants at the coast - Richard Nicklin Hall, and W. G. Neal, 1904. The Ancient Ruins of Rhodesia: Monomotapae Imperium. Having already held many discussions on Bukalanga history and identity on Facebook, I have met a whole lot of accusations from certain quarters who charge that I am presenting a fictitious history of Bukalanga that never was, and distorting the historical record more than it has already been distorted in a bid to prop up Bukalanga. In anticipatory response to those accusations, I have attempted to gather as many different sources as was possible, and prese...